The trail braking thread

ontherearwheel

Well-known member
What racing and track days have done for my street riding is to help me be a faster street rider......not really a safer rider. I was a safe rider before I ever went to the track. The track just helped me understand how to go faster.

A safe rider is one that rides in a proper manner for the current roads conditions......even on the track......MM thread is a example. Some think he is unsafe.

This thread is a prime example of why I consider “Ride your own ride” the golden rule of motorcycle riding.

There are days up in the hills I just putt. No hurry, no need to go fast, just cruise at a nice steady, relaxed pace........enjoy the scenery....the smells of the country side and so on.

The idea that one needs to hauling ass to enjoy riding a motorcycle is very short sighted. Some people just dont care about going fast on a motorcycle. Seems to be a concept hard to accept by some.
 

stangmx13

not Stan
I'd like to address more of your post, but first we need to get one thing out of the way: I do not ever advocate turning in on "maintenance throttle," despite recounting one anecdote in which one of our staff did that. As long as you have that understanding of what I've said, we won't get anywhere. Let's be clear that it is not my contention that people cannot lose the front while steering with the gas on. It is my contention that by braking, releasing the brakes, steering and beginning to slowly roll on the gas, the rider is at least risk for losing the front at the turn entry.

if a rider has released the brakes before steering, they are now doing 1 or 2 things when it comes to deceleration: they are engine braking which produces a mild almost useless deceleration OR they have applied just enough throttle to stop deceleration. which do u mean - a tiny bit of deceleration or 0 deceleration? these are two very similar shades of gray. I think that most riders would assume u mean the latter since the MSF teaches it (iirc) and your slow roll on is the next step. also, which do u advocate?

for your "least risk" idea, that assumes the rider set their entry speed appropriately. if their entry speed is higher than allowed by the turn, they will crash. since trail braking allows for higher entry speeds, continuing to hold the brakes will be less risky when their entry speed is too high.

if the riders entry speed wasn't too high, there is some added risk in trail braking when the rider doesn't have the skill. but if they have the skill, id contend there is no added risk. they'll over-slow for the corner and/or turn a tighter radius, reducing overall risk.
 
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tzrider

Write Only User
Staff member
u aren't contradicting yourself in the same post? or should I treat those as two separate ideas and assume u don't "advocate" your contention?

Are we playing "gotcha" now? I had thought you and I have discussed corner entry over the years enough for you to know that I don't advocate steering the bike while on the gas. Yes, I told an anecdote about a guy who turned in with the throttle pinned at about 160 and didn't throw the front away. That's not an invitation for everyone to go ride that way, but it does illustrate that it's possible to get away with it.

The KR quote that you said was "wrong" has a context that you might not be aware of: He was talking about once the bike was steered. It was another variation on the "When in doubt, gas it" theme; a bit of wisdom concerning riders who stall getting back to the gas after steering because they think they're in too fast. The point was, if you haven't crashed yet once you've set the lean angle, traction only improves once you get the throttle cracked open and start rolling on. He didn't advocate steering with the throttle open either, as far as I know.

if a rider has released the brakes before steering, they are now doing 1 or 2 things when it comes to deceleration: they are engine braking which produces a mild almost useless deceleration OR they have applied just enough throttle to stop deceleration. which do u mean - a tiny bit of deceleration or 0 deceleration? these are two very similar shades of gray.

Here is the procedure:

  • Roll off the gas.
  • Pull the brakes.
  • Downshift (if required).
  • Steer the bike at your turn point.
  • Once the lean angle is set and the bike is pointed on line, crack open the throttle and begin a slow roll-on through the remainder of the turn.

In a braking turn, the throttle is closed when steering the bike.

for your "least risk" idea, that assumes the rider set their entry speed appropriately. if their entry speed is higher than allowed by the turn, they will crash.

Well, yeah. In real world terms that's not a problem you see often.

since trail braking allows for higher entry speeds, continuing to hold the brakes will be less risky when their entry speed is too high.

Trail braking allows for higher entry speed for one reason: You are entering the turn on a different, larger radius line. It isn't because you have more front end grip. I know this does not agree with what some people are saying.

Trail braking allows a line that is not possible entering the turn off the brakes, unless you're going far slower. A quick flick entry allows for a line that is not possible via trail braking. Both require that your speed is accurate at the place in the corner where lean angle is deepest. It is arguably easier for a lot of riders to to hit that correct speed via trail braking than it is with a quick-flick entry. This is probably the crux of why a lot of racers are coming to the conclusion that trail braking is the fastest way through most turns. A LOT of people who use a quick flick entry square the entry off more than necessary or set their entry speed as if that's the slowest part of the turn, when in reality it's not.

if the riders entry speed wasn't too high, there is some added risk in trail braking when the rider doesn't have the skill. but if they have the skill, there is no added risk. they'll over-slow for the corner and/or turn a tighter radius, reducing overall risk.

It's always true that there is less risk when riders get their control actions right. Part of the context of this thread has been that one can or "should" trail brake everywhere. I'd submit that there are a lot of real world cases where that's a bad idea, such as dirty or wet pavement. It's also a poor policy when you aren't sure what the traction is like, such as riding back roads at night. A quick flick isn't a great idea there either, but turning off the gas and then getting to positive throttle ASAP is the safest way I know of to manage low (or questionable) traction situations.
 

stangmx13

not Stan
Are we playing "gotcha" now? I had thought you and I have discussed corner entry over the years enough for you to know that I don't advocate steering the bike while on the gas. Yes, I told an anecdote about a guy who turned in with the throttle pinned at about 160 and didn't throw the front away. That's not an invitation for everyone to go ride that way, but it does illustrate that it's possible to get away with it.

your comments have not had enough objective terms for me to actually know what u mean.

I delete that paragraph from my post to reduce how much I sounded like a dick. I shouldn't have typed it to begin with. sorry.

KR apparently never saw a racer lose the front on corner exit. I bet he did it himself a few times :laughing

Here is the procedure:

  • Roll off the gas.
  • Pull the brakes.
  • Downshift (if required).
  • Steer the bike at your turn point.
  • Once the lean angle is set and the bike is pointed on line, crack open the throttle and begin a slow roll-on through the remainder of the turn.

In a braking turn, the throttle is closed when steering the bike.

ok, engine braking while steering, got it. im surprised.

I can brake with 5% brake pressure, so little that my speed decrease is barely more than engine braking alone. but the front end is lowered and the bike turns better. its a great option for street riding and mostly what I used to do there.

Well, yeah. In real world terms that's not a problem you see often.

:confused people over-ride on corner entry all the time. thats generally not at a higher speed than maximum allowed by the corner, more a higher speed than allowed by their skill. suggesting they only slow by engine braking limits their options - perhaps they need to slow at a faster race than engine braking causes.

Trail braking allows for higher entry speed for one reason: You are entering the turn on a different, larger radius line. It isn't because you have more front end grip. I know this does not agree with what some people are saying.

yes, the instant after turn in, the radius is larger while trail braking because the turn in is slow. but it doesn't stay there. for the purpose of this convo, u are focusing on the wrong part of the corner. we know that the radius can be exactly the same at the slow point of the corner and often is for both styles of turning in. that means the turning radius decreased as the rider was trail braking - in part due to decreasing speed and in part due to accomplishing all their lean angle addition.

so, just before the slowest part of the corner, the trail braking racer will still be braking a considerable amount with a radius and speed that are nearly exactly the same and the same max lean angle. pro racers are still using a large % of brake pressure right up to the apex. with all that, longitudinal grip is much larger and at a minimum, lateral grip is equal. so total grip is definitely larger. at a minimum, u got the longitudinal grip for free.

and again, because racers tuck the front when letting off the front brake, I still think there is something more going on that makes lateral grip also larger while trail braking. for ex, the contact patch is larger. ive found only one engineering paper studying the effects of load sensitivity with cambered tires, but havent studied it enough yet to comment on it more.

Trail braking allows a line that is not possible entering the turn off the brakes, unless you're going far slower. A quick flick entry allows for a line that is not possible via trail braking. Both require that your speed is accurate at the place in the corner where lean angle is deepest. It is arguably easier for a lot of riders to to hit that correct speed via trail braking than it is with a quick-flick entry. This is probably the crux of why a lot of racers are coming to the conclusion that trail braking is the fastest way through most turns. A LOT of people who use a quick flick entry square the entry off more than necessary or set their entry speed as if that's the slowest part of the turn, when in reality it's not.

did u just imply that the fastest racers on motorcycles are incorrect that trail braking is the fastest way around a track :laughing

the other effects of trail braking contribute to why its faster around a track: decreased front ride height, shorter wheelbase, race bikes setup tall and stable statically, etc. I also think theres a beneficial tire heating effect from trail braking - if im turning left, its nice to heat up the left side of the tire more as im using it.

I wonder if uve ever ridden a bike that was truly setup well for trail braking.

It's always true that there is less risk when riders get their control actions right. Part of the context of this thread has been that one can or "should" trail brake everywhere. I'd submit that there are a lot of real world cases where that's a bad idea, such as dirty or wet pavement. It's also a poor policy when you aren't sure what the traction is like, such as riding back roads at night. A quick flick isn't a great idea there either, but turning off the gas and then getting to positive throttle ASAP is the safest way I know of to manage low (or questionable) traction situations.

id submit that any real world cause that requires the rider to slow mid-corner, the rider would have been better off trail braking already. unfortunately, this part of the convo would just devolve into what-ifs.
 
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Smash Allen

Banned
i think abs is fucking with my braking

after two races there is still remnants of the sticker on the center tire (and mold release marks) but the sides are worn

wtf
 

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DataDan

Mama says he's bona fide
I recall an interview with Kenny Roberts around the time he retired from managing his GP team, in which he said something to effect that he'd never seen a rider lose the front while on the gas.
It was in his book Techniques of Motor Cycle Road Racing (1988):

A lot of guys are so slow to turn and so slow to get on the throttle that the front end will push. The front end will never slide with the power on, once you get above idle. I've never pushed the front tyre on a high speed corner like this because even if it starts to go I am on the throttle so soon that it will not go anywhere.
...
How you make the transition from braking to turning depends on what sort of corner it is. On a high speed corner, like the one at Paul Ricard we have been discussing, you want to be coming off the brakes as you flick it in. The bike should still be kneeling on the front wheel as you turn in, so it is low and turns in easily. If you let the brakes off completely before you start to turn, the bike will come up and want to go straight on. You need to flick the bike while the centre of gravity is lower and the steering head is steeper, just before you let the brakes off.

There are slower longer corners where you can still be doing some braking as you turn. But the ideal is that you should be off the brakes and over to the maximum lean in the shortest possible time, so there is no rolling into the corner on the brakes.
[p41]​
It should be noted that 2-stroke 500GP bikes had little if any engine braking. A 4-stroke, OTOH, will continue to decelerate off the brake and keep the front end dipped down as described in the Nick Ienatsch quote in my previous post. One thing I learned at a track school long ago (thanks, Reg & Jason) is that gear selection at turn entry can enhance or diminish this effect.
 

Holeshot

Super Moderator
Staff member
and again, because racers tuck the front when letting off the front brake, I still think there is something more going on that makes lateral grip also larger while trail braking. for ex, the contact patch is larger. ive found only one engineering paper studying the effects of load sensitivity with cambered tires, but havent studied it enough yet to comment on it more.


did u just imply that the fastest racers on motorcycles are incorrect that trail braking is the fastest way around a track :laughing

the other effects of trail braking contribute to why its faster around a track: decreased front ride height, shorter wheelbase, race bikes setup tall and stable statically, etc. I also think theres a beneficial tire heating effect from trail braking - if im turning left, its nice to heat up the left side of the tire more as im using it.

I wonder if uve ever ridden a bike that was truly setup well for trail braking.

We all should get together and do a TD when it's not so damn hot. We've talked about it, but never gone and tried each others techniques and then talked about things, while trackside. I'm sure we'd all learn something different. Why not?

The contact patch IS larger when the front's loaded...you know this Robert. Trail braking is the counter to acceleration; it's loading the opposite end of the bike and as we know; if not using the brakes or the throttle, you are not in "control" of the motorcycle. I've tried the quick flick thing and I can't make it work with any sort of consistency on a 600. In fact, those who I've seen it in club racing have gotten fast quickly to a point and that point is where they repeatedly put bikes on the ground and can't figure out why. My thought: bar input and no feel, but that's just a guess.

There's no better way to control a motorcycle than using the brakes and throttle. Not using one of these controls is not being in control of the motorcycle, be it for a brief moment or a longer period of time. Mind you, for the term "control" I'm looking at the best way to increase or decrease speed/ energy. On that note; trail braking uses the energy gained down the straightaway to help get the bike to the apex where our steering takes place and the bike will change direction. It also gives us ultimate control to that point, to change lines, change braking force, change lean angle, etc.

TRACKDAY! Let's go ride! Or come race with us again Robert!

i think abs is fucking with my braking

after two races there is still remnants of the sticker on the center tire (and mold release marks) but the sides are worn

wtf

Dude....duuuuuudddde! Turn that ABS shit OFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.
 

stangmx13

not Stan
Berto, thats a good way of looking at all of it. ill see u at BW in March at the latest.

Smash, my stickers usually last 2-3 race laps depending on the track on my R6. thats y I take them off. I bet u just gotta brake harder. do your same smooth initial brake application, but keep pulling the lever harder.

I recently was comparing data w/ a friend. hes a little slower than me on 600s and is now racing an SV650 in MA Twins. he was having trouble keeping the bike stable on the brakes, so I figured he was braking really hard. nope. we checked the data and his peak deceleration was 0.8g - mine was 1.3g. so there really can be a large discrepancy in braking btw diff riders. the instability was cause by applying the brakes too fast and too much shock rebound damping. hes working on it.
 

Smash Allen

Banned
Smash, my stickers usually last 2-3 race laps depending on the track on my R6. thats y I take them off. I bet u just gotta brake harder. do your same smooth initial brake application, but keep pulling the lever harder.

I recently was comparing data w/ a friend. hes a little slower than me on 600s and is now racing an SV650 in MA Twins. he was having trouble keeping the bike stable on the brakes, so I figured he was braking really hard. nope. we checked the data and his peak deceleration was 0.8g - mine was 1.3g. so there really can be a large discrepancy in braking btw diff riders. the instability was cause by applying the brakes too fast and too much shock rebound damping. hes working on it.

smooth initial? nah bro, 100% throttle to 100% brake as fast as i can, then hold 100% to apex

the problem is my 100% is about 50% of riders around me, partly due to abs, and partly due to the lever being adjusted all the way in and me not noticing...i felt like a hero catching everyone on the brakes but i was carrying too much mid corner speed
 

Holeshot

Super Moderator
Staff member
Take it for what you will Chris, but when I rode around you, the bike wasn't getting pointed well. Both times were into T10 though, that I recall. Knowing I could turn under you, I was able to open the throttle sooner and harder.
 

stangmx13

not Stan
smooth initial? nah bro, 100% throttle to 100% brake as fast as i can, then hold 100% to apex

the problem is my 100% is about 50% of riders around me, partly due to abs, and partly due to the lever being adjusted all the way in and me not noticing...i felt like a hero catching everyone on the brakes but i was carrying too much mid corner speed

maybe for your current skill level. but its prob safe to assume that your apex speeds were lower than guys setting lap records. so what are u actually doing wrong...
 
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Smash Allen

Banned
Take it for what you will Chris, but when I rode around you, the bike wasn't getting pointed well. Both times were into T10 though, that I recall. Knowing I could turn under you, I was able to open the throttle sooner and harder.

I always appreciate feedback, especially from you Berto. I agree that the bike was not getting pointed, and not just in T10. I will be leaving abs off for track and am removing the linked brakes...parts will be ordered soon...Thank you for the feedback, and please don't think I take your advice lightly :)

:ride
 

Holeshot

Super Moderator
Staff member
maybe for your current skill level. but its prob safe to assume that your apex speeds were lower than guys setting lap records. so what are u actually doing wrong...

Let's review the film:

body shift late, STIFF inner arm (looks to be using arms to hold body in place). Other than that, Chris, your lines are good, but for racing they're an open invitation to make a stupid pass on you. Oh one more thing eyes up off the apex (at least scanning up the track) once you start the turn in. That'll help with the missed/ lazy apex. That's only from my T10 film and Gordo had just gone by, so that may have altered some of your turn in points. Let me know when you're TD'ing it and we'll go ride...but by God's hand, NOT in this heat.
 
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Smash Allen

Banned
SMASH said:
smooth initial? nah bro, 100% throttle to 100% brake as fast as i can, then hold 100% to apex

the problem is my 100% is about 50% of riders around me, partly due to abs, and partly due to the lever being adjusted all the way in and me not noticing...i felt like a hero catching everyone on the brakes but i was carrying too much mid corner speed

maybe for your current skill level. but its prob safe to assume that your apex speeds were lower than guys setting lap records. so what are u actually doing wrong...

my apex speeds for my standing lap of 2:02.2 (also my fastest of the race) of heavy clubman

T1 - 72mph
T2 - 67mph
T3 - 61mph
T4 - 58mph
T5 - 39mph
T6 - 62mph
T7 - 100mph
T8 - 91mph
T9 - 63mph
T10 - 61mph
T11,12,13 - 42mph
T14, 15 - 45mph
 

stangmx13

not Stan
the point of me saying that was so that u DIDNT focus on your apex speeds. I failed :laughing

I don't have good data for Thill so I cant compare.
 

Smash Allen

Banned
Let's review the film:

body shift late, STIFF inner arm (looks to be using arms to hold body in place). Other than that, Chris, your lines are good, but for racing they're an open invitation to make a stupid pass on you. Oh one more thing eyes up off the apex (at least scanning up the track) once you start the turn in. That'll help with the missed/ lazy apex. That's only from my T10 film and Gordo had just gone by, so that may have altered some of your turn in points. Let me know when you're TD'ing it and we'll go ride...but by God's hand, NOT in this heat.

thank you!!!! i wrote all this down in my notebook, such good feedback!!!

i want to pass my next cpa test before my next track day, potentially having you there is great motivation to study hard and get it over with so i can focus on what is really important...going fast!!!:ride
 

Holeshot

Super Moderator
Staff member
:rofl but i was so pumped to show you! 'i have that data!!!'

Fuck your Data! Seriously...Rob's dead on; the data isn't going to help much until you have all the elements of how to get the bike to change direction, IMO. That first, Chris. Then soft serve ice cream for all of us.
 

Smash Allen

Banned
Fuck your Data! Seriously...Rob's dead on; the data isn't going to help much until you have all the elements of how to get the bike to change direction, IMO. That first, Chris. Then soft serve ice cream for all of us.

If I were not leaning forward over the tank so much on entry I could relax my arms more. What am I supposed to do with my upper body on entry? Do you like peanut butter and chocolate? I’m a strawberry fan as well..
 
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